Wagtail 部署指南

Wagtail 是一个基于 Django 的现代化 CMS 系统，以下是部署 Wagtail 的详细步骤，涵盖多种部署方式。

1. 本地开发环境部署

前置要求

Python 3.7+
PostgreSQL/MySQL/SQLite (推荐 PostgreSQL)
Node.js (如需前端构建)

安装步骤

# 创建虚拟环境
python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate  # Linux/Mac
# venv\Scripts\activate   # Windows

# 安装 Wagtail
pip install wagtail

# 创建新项目
wagtail start mysite
cd mysite

# 安装依赖
pip install -r requirements.txt

# 初始化数据库
python manage.py migrate

# 创建超级用户
python manage.py createsuperuser

# 运行开发服务器
python manage.py runserver

访问 http://localhost:8000 查看站点，http://localhost:8000/admin 访问后台。

2. 生产环境部署 (Docker 方式)

docker-compose.yml 示例

version: '3.8'

services:
  db:
    image: postgres:13
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: wagtail
      POSTGRES_USER: wagtail
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: wagtail
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data

  web:
    build: .
    command: gunicorn mysite.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:8000
    volumes:
      - .:/code
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"
    depends_on:
      - db
    environment:
      DATABASE_URL: postgres://wagtail:wagtail@db:5432/wagtail
      SECRET_KEY: your-secret-key-here

volumes:
  postgres_data:

Dockerfile 示例

FROM python:3.9-slim

WORKDIR /code

ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    libpq-dev \
    gcc \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

COPY . .

EXPOSE 8000

部署步骤

# 构建并启动容器
docker-compose up -d --build

# 执行数据库迁移
docker-compose exec web python manage.py migrate

# 创建超级用户
docker-compose exec web python manage.py createsuperuser

# 收集静态文件
docker-compose exec web python manage.py collectstatic --no-input

3. 生产环境部署 (传统服务器方式)

使用 Gunicorn + Nginx

安装 Gunicorn:
```
pip install gunicorn
```

创建 Gunicorn 服务文件 /etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.service:

[Unit]
Description=gunicorn daemon
After=network.target

[Service]
User=youruser
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/path/to/your/project
ExecStart=/path/to/venv/bin/gunicorn --access-logfile - --workers 3 --bind unix:/run/gunicorn.sock mysite.wsgi:application

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Nginx 配置示例 (/etc/nginx/sites-available/yourdomain):

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name yourdomain.com;

    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }

    location /static/ {
        root /path/to/your/project;
    }

    location /media/ {
        root /path/to/your/project;
    }

    location / {
        include proxy_params;
        proxy_pass http://unix:/run/gunicorn.sock;
    }
}

启用配置:

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/yourdomain /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
sudo systemctl restart nginx

4. 云平台部署

Heroku 部署

创建 Procfile:

web: gunicorn mysite.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:$PORT

创建 runtime.txt 指定 Python 版本:
```
python-3.9.7
```

部署命令:

heroku create
heroku addons:create heroku-postgresql:hobby-dev
heroku config:set SECRET_KEY=your-secret-key
heroku config:set DISABLE_COLLECTSTATIC=1
git push heroku main
heroku run python manage.py migrate
heroku run python manage.py createsuperuser

AWS Elastic Beanstalk 部署

创建 requirements.txt 包含所有依赖

创建 .ebextensions/django.config:

option_settings:
  aws:elasticbeanstalk:container:python:
    WSGIPath: mysite/wsgi.py